Monday 8 April 2013

How can it be that you pay more to the IRS than General Electric? 2010-04-01, Forbes magazine

Some of the greatest, most successful organizations appreciate a far reduced tax amount than you do--that is, if they pay taxation at all. The most egregious example is Common Power. Last year the corporation unfortunatly produced $10.3 billion dollars in pretax earnings, but finished up due nothing to Dad Sam. Actually, it documented a tax advantage of $1.1 billion dollars. How did this happen? It's complex. GE in impact includes two divisions: Common Power Investment and everything else. The everything else--maker of google, power vegetation, TV reveals and the like--would have compensated a 22% tax amount if it was a separate company. It's GE Investment that keeps the overall tax invoice so low. Over the last two years, GE Investment has shown an unusual capability to reduce a lot of cash in the U.S. (posting a $6.5 billion dollars loss in 2009), and make a lot of cash offshore (a $4.3 billion dollars gain). Not only do the U.S. failures stability out the offshore benefits, but GE can delay taxation on that offshore earnings consistently. It's the tax advantage of offshore functions that is the top why multinationals end up with reduced tax prices than the relax of us.

Via- zythuminfosys

Monday 11 March 2013

MY HEART OF CITY OF ALWAR


         WELCOME

TO  MY HEART OF CITY
             
           ALWAR


INTRODUCTION ;-\

. Alwar has its own heritage, which goes back to the mythological legends of the Mahabharata.The district is known after its headquarters town of Alwar. There are many theories about the derivation of the name Alwar. Cunningham holds that the city derived its name from the Salva tribe and was originally Salwapur, then, Salwar, Halawar and eventually Alwar. Alwar is referred as the gateway to the historic and colorful state of Rajasthan. Alwar is located in the north eastern part of Rajasthan at an altitude of 237 meters above sea level. It covers an area of 44.76 square km. It lies 170 km south of Delhi and is about 150 km from Jaipur. It is flanked by the barren hills of the Aravali range.According to another school it was known as Aravalpur or the city of Aravali (A hill system dividing Rajasthan roughly into third and two-thirds).Some others hold that city is named after Alaval Khan Mewati. A research conducted during the reign of Maharaja Jey Singh of Alwar revealed that Maharaja Alaghraj, second son of Maharaja Kakil of Amer (old seat of Jaipur state) ruled the area in the eleventh century and his territory extended upto the present city of Alwar. He founded the city of Alpur in 1106 Vikrami samvat(1049 A.D.) after his own name which eventually became Alwar. It was formerly spelt as Ulwar but in the reign of Jey Singh the spelling was changed to Alwar.


                    HISTORY   BEHIND   ALWAR


Once an ancient Rajput state. Formerly knows as Mewar, Alwar was nearest to the imperial Delhi. The people of the state did not accept any external interferences and daringly resisted all foreign invasions. In the 12th and 13th centuries, they formed a group and raided Delhi. But finally, Sultan Balban (1267 AD- 1287 AD) suppressed them, bringing the area under the Muslim rule. In 1771 AD, Maharaja Pratap Singh, a Kuchhwaha Rajput belonging to the clan of Jaipur’s rulers won back Alwar and founded a principality of his own. Apart from its long history, the city has a rich natural heritage with some beautiful lakes and picturesque valleys thickly wooded in parts.

The Alwar state may be said to have been formed as a separate, independent state when Rao Pratap Singh, its founder, first raised his standard over the Alwar Fort on November 25th 1775.During his rule the then districts of Thanagazi, Rajgarh, Malakhera, Ajabgharh, Baldeogarh, Kankwari, Alwar, Ramgarh and Lachhmangarh, and areas around Behror and Bansur, were finally integrated to form the State. As the State was being consolidated, naturally, no definite administrative machinery could have come into being. At the time, the states revenue was between six to seven lakhs of rupees per annum.
The next ruler Maharao Raja Bakhtawar Singh(1791-1815) also devoted himself to the work of extension and consolidation of the terriotory of the State. He was successful in integrating the pargannahs of Ismailpur and Mandawar and the talukas of Darbarpur, Rutai, Nimrana, Mandhan, Beejawar and Kakoma in the Alwar State. Maharao Raja Bakhtawar Singh rendered valuable services to Lord Lake, during the latter's campaign against Marathas, in the battle of Laswari, in Alwar territory when the State troopes assisted him in finally breaking the Marathas and Jat powers.
As a result, in 1803, the First Treaty of Offensive and Defensive Alliance was forged between Alwar State and the East India Company. Thus, Alwar was the first princely State in India to enter into Treaty Relations with the East India Company. But in his time also, the State Administration was very imprefect and cases of loot and dacoity, even in broad day light, were not infrequent. The State was borrowing money from outside as its finances were poor and mismanaged. Most of the land revenue was use to pay back the loans and, at times, the farmeres were put to hardship The State was heavily indebted when the next ruler Maharao Viney Singh acceeded to the throne.
Maharao Raja Viney Singh (1815-1857) suppressed the social anarchy and was to a great extent, successful in stabilising the general conditions in the State. It was in his time that the Alwar State administration began to take shape. According to the Imperial Gazetter of India, " The Government had previously been carried on without any system. But with the aid of certain Musalmans introduced from Delhi and appointed ministers in 1838, great changes were made. The land revenue began to be collected in cash instead of kind and civil and criminal courts were established."
Maharao Raja Viney Singh died in 1857 and was succeeded by his son Sheodan Singh (1857-1874). He was then a boy of twelve. He at once fell under the influence of the Mohammedan Dewans of Delhi. Their proceedings excited an insurrection of the Rajputs in 1858, in which several of the Dewan's followers were killed and the ministers themselves were expelled from the State. Captain Nixon, the Political agent of Bharatpur, was at once despatched to Alwar who formed a Council of Regency. A Panchayat was formed with three members to administer the State but it could not succeed. Captain Impey came to Alwar as the next Political Agent in November, 1858. His tenure of that office continued till the end of 1863, during which he succeeded in re-organising every branch of the administartion. The system of fixed cash assessment was introduced. The annual revenue of the State was fixed at Rs. 14,29,425 and work was started on a three years settlement for the State. After the completion of this settlement, Major Impey started work on the ten year settlement in the State and the annual revenue was fixed at Rs. 17,19,875.
Maharao Raja Sheodan Singh assumed ruling powers on 14th September,1863 and soon after, the agency was abolished. But the administration soon fell back into the hands of old Dewans who still had links with the ruler. In 1870, the disbanding of the Rajput cavalry and the wholesale confiscation of Jagir, grants the extravagance of the chief and his Mohammedan sympathisers, brought about a general uprising of the Rajputs with the result that the British government had again to interfere. Captain Blair, the then Political Agent for the Eastern States tried to bring about a reconciliation but failed. Major Cadell was then appointed the Political Agent in 1867 and,with the sanction of the Government of India, a council of Management was formed with the Political Agent as President, the Maharao Raja having a seat in the Board. Personnel of administration was changed and the whole administartion was cleaned. A new Department of Engineering was started. Tehsildars were entrusted with more civil and criminal powers. They were empowered to impose fines upto Rs. 20 and a month's imprisonment. In 1871, the Kotwali was established for the security of the city. The next year work on the 16 year settlement began. Tax on the british rupee was abolished and Rao-Shai coins were put out of circulation. British copper coins were introduced in the State in 1873 and length and weight measures of yard and seer were also brought into use. Postal management was improved and the letters from Tehsils which previously, took three daysto reach the capital, now came within twelve hours. An independent department called `Appeals' was brought into being for hearing appeals against decisions of lower courts. The railway line from Delhi to Bandikuipassing through Alwar, was laid in 1874.
Mangal Singh the next ruler (1874-1892), was also a minor when he succeeded to the throne of Alwar State and the State continued to be administered by the Political Agent and the Council of Regency till December, 1877 when he was invested with ruling powers. The hereditary title of Maharaja was bestowed on him in the year 1889. In 1877, he had entered into the contract with the British Government under the Native Coinage Act of 1876 according to which silver coins bearing the Alwar device were to be supplied by the Calcutta Mint. The troops in the State were re-organised in November,1888 under the guidance of Colonel (then Major) O.Moore Creagh, whose services had specially been lent for the purpose by the Government of India. The staff office was established in November, 1888 and Maharaja Mangal Singh himself supervised the re-organisation of military forces.


                             ATTRACTING PLACES  IN ALWAR  FOR TOURISTS

1 SARISKA PALACE
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2City  Palace

3.Bala Quila

4.Siliserh Lake

5.Company Bagh

                                CLIMATE  OF ALWAR


Maximum temperature during summers is 41.8 degrees celsius and in winters the temperature falls down to  nearly 4 -5 degrees celsius.

                         OTHER  RECREATIONAL  PLACES  IN  ALWAR


 ALWAR FORT, BHARTHARI,, BHANGARH, JAIN TEMPLE, Moosi Maharani Ki Chatri, Museum,Nilkanth,Sariska palace,Sagar, Pandupol,Talvraksh 

SILISERH  LAKE
Neemrana Fort Palace
BHANGARH FORT  
sariska national park





BHARATHARI




 CITY  PALACE




SARISKA  PALACE

                               
                     TOP  BEST  HOTELS  IN ALWAR


   

ALWAR  BAGH

EE

NEEMRANA FORT


ALWARS  MOST  DELICIOUSLY  SWEETS



KALAKAND




RABRI